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Our Methodology

Data Sources

All financial data used in our analysis is sourced from:

  • SEC filings (10-K, 10-Q, 8-K) via EDGAR
  • Company earnings releases and investor relations
  • Regulated financial data aggregators
  • Analyst estimates from major Wall Street firms

We do not use unverified, crowd-sourced, or social media data in our quantitative analysis.

Valuation Methodology

Our fair value analysis employs seven distinct valuation methods:

  1. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) — Projects future free cash flows and discounts them to present value using a weighted average cost of capital (WACC)
  2. Earnings-Based — Applies sector median P/E multiples to forward earnings estimates
  3. Sector Average P/E — Compares the stock's P/E to its sector average for relative valuation
  4. EV/EBITDA Relative — Uses enterprise value to EBITDA ratios relative to sector peers
  5. Analyst Consensus — Aggregates price targets from covering Wall Street analysts
  6. Graham Number — Benjamin Graham's formula for intrinsic value based on earnings and book value (primarily applicable to value stocks)
  7. Price-to-Sales Relative — Historical P/S ratio analysis for revenue-based valuation

Our final fair value estimate uses the median of applicable methods, excluding statistical outliers that deviate more than 100% from the initial median. This approach reduces the impact of any single model's assumptions.

Quality Assurance

Every article passes through a multi-layer validation process:

  • Automated data sanity checks (bounds verification, cross-reference validation)
  • Mathematical verification of all derived metrics
  • Source data fact-checking against raw financial filings
  • Editorial quality review for clarity and consistency

Data Freshness

Market data and financial metrics are updated daily. Articles reflect the most recent quarterly earnings data and real-time market prices at the time of publication. Each article includes a publication date for reference.

Limitations

Our analysis is quantitative and data-driven. It does not account for qualitative factors such as management quality, competitive moats, regulatory risks, or macroeconomic conditions unless specifically noted. All projections and estimates are inherently uncertain and should be used as one input among many in investment decision-making.